How to cite this article: Tsang S, Royse CF, Terkawi AS. Keywords: Anesthesia development questionnaires translation validation To ensure that the questionnaires are psychometrically sound, we present a number of statistical methods to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. We provide a framework to guide researchers through the various stages of questionnaire development and translation. This article provides guidelines for the development and translation of questionnaires for application in medical fields, with a special emphasis on perioperative and pain medicine. The greatest challenge perhaps is to come up with a questionnaire that is psychometrically sound, and is efficient and effective for use in research and clinical settings.
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